The functions of behaviour

All observable behaviour has a function for the performer, the one displaying the behaviour. It might be because the performer wants to achieve something. Generally speaking a behaviour is functional when it permits individuals to get what they search or want. Using Operant behaviour a performer tries to consciously influence the environment to achieve or avoid specific consequences.

The function of behaviour answers the question: "What does the performer want to achieve, avoid, or change to its environment with its behaviour"? Importantly, the ways the behaviour is displayed is not necessarily the function of behaviour.

The effect of a behaviour is called a behavioural consequence. Most importantly we are interested in the consequence for the performer of the behaviour. For the performer it is important the function and effect of the behaviour are congruent. Congruent behaviour leads to positive emotions of the shown behaviour. Reinforcing that behaviour and leading to a higher probability the behaviour will be shown again.

The four functions of behaviour

Four functions can be distinguished for operant behaviour. Using the acronym SEAT.

• sensory stimulation, behaviour we do for pleasure, enjoyment, or other emotions. For example, eating a meal, having sex, or a ride in an amusement park.
• escape, either escaping an existing undesired situation (reactive) or avoiding a possible undesired situation (proactive).
• attention, attracting attention from others, for example to be heard or seen.
• tangible, interaction with physical devices. Pressing a button to call for an elevator or pressing the keys of a keyboard to write a document.